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Difference between revisions of "WebM, VP8 and VP9"

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'''WebM''', '''VP8''' and '''VP9''' are components of an audio-visual format which aims to require no patent royalties, by avoiding some patented ideas and by getting royalty-free licences for others.  WebM, VP8 and VP9 are primarily developed by [[Google]] and have the backing of organisations such as Mozilla, [[FSF]], and [[Wikipedia]].
'''WebM''' is an audio-video format requiring no patent royalties (something very rare in among [[Audio-video patents|audio-video formats]]).  WebM has the backing of organisations such as [[Google]], Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and [[FSF]]. VP8 was originally developed by On2, which was bought by [[Google]], who released the format as [[free software]].
 
  
WebM uses the '''VP8''' video format and the [[Ogg Vorbis]] audio format.
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WebM aims to replace [[H.264]] as the most used video format for Internet video.
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==Background and technical details==
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'''WebM''' is the "container format", or the "wrapper".  It's what the users sees: a <code>.webm</code> file.  Inside this file is an audio stream, which could be [[Ogg Vorbis]] or [[Opus]], and a video stream which could be VP8 or VP9.  The container format provides information to keep the audio stream and the video stream in sync.  The WebM container format is based on the existing Matroska format.
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'''VP8''' is the first video format published by Google.  It was developed by On2, which was bought by [[Google]], who released On2's software as [[free software]] (under a BSD-style licence).<ref>http://www.webmproject.org/about/</ref>
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'''VP9''' is an improved version, was released in 2013. 
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The Ogg Vorbis and Opus audio formats are developed by the Xiph Foundation.  Since 2000, audio patents have been becoming less contentious and video patents more contentious, so most patent discussions about WebM focus on VP8 and VP9.
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Before WebM, the highest quality video codec aiming to be patent-free was Xiph's [[Ogg Theora]] video format.  With the release of WebM, the Xiph Foundation announced their support for it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xiph.org/press/2010/webm/|title=Xiph.Org announces support for the WebM open media project|quote=The Xiph.Org Foundation is pleased to announce its support of the WebM open media project as a project launch partner. As announced earlier today at the Google I/O Developer Conference, the WebM format combines the VP8 video codec, the Matroska container, and the Vorbis audio codec developed by Xiph into a high-quality, open, unencumbered format for video delivery on the Web. Xiph will continue to contribute to WebM as a whole and collaborate in its further development and deployment.}}</ref>  WebM thus replaces Ogg Theora in many ways, rather than being in competition with it.
  
 
==Using and advocating WebM==
 
==Using and advocating WebM==
  
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* [http://playogg.org Play Ogg] campaign by [[FSF]] (possible future campaign: [http://playfreedom.org/ PlayFreedom.org])
 
* [http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:PlayOgg/WebM_recipe How to upload a video to YouTube and ensure it is made available as WebM]
 
* [http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:PlayOgg/WebM_recipe How to upload a video to YouTube and ensure it is made available as WebM]
* ([[FSF]] will launch [http://playfreedom.org/ PlayFreedom.org] in early 2011)
 
  
==Technical details==
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==Google's patent deals with MPEG LA==
WebM defines the overall format, with:
 
*The overall file structure based on the [[Matroska]] container
 
*Video compressed using the VP8 video codec
 
*Audio compressed using the [[Vorbis]] audio codec
 
  
==Google's WebM software==
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===Background===
The WebM project claims that WebM is 100% [[free software|free, and open-sourc]]ed under a BSD-style licence.<ref>http://www.webmproject.org/about/</ref>
 
  
==VP8 video codec==
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The CEO of [[MPEG|MPEG-LA]], Larry Horn, claims to be preparing a patent pool to be used against VP8, and thus WebM.<ref>http://www.mpegla.com/main/pid/vp8/default.aspx</ref>  The threat may not be credible since similar claims were made against [[Ogg Theora]] but never materialised.
  
VP8 is a [[Audio-video patents|video]] codec and format created by On2 (now owned by [[Google]]) and recently released as [[open source]] under a BSD-like licence.  It offers a higher quality alternative to the [[Ogg Theora]] codec, in the battle against the proprietary and patent-encumbered [[H.264]] standard.  The Xiph Foundation, which manages development of Ogg Theora, has announced their support for WebM.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xiph.org/press/2010/webm/|title=Xiph.Org announces support for the WebM open media project|quote=The Xiph.Org Foundation is pleased to announce its support of the WebM open media project as a project launch partner. As announced earlier today at the Google I/O Developer Conference, the WebM format combines the VP8 video codec, the Matroska container, and the Vorbis audio codec developed by Xiph into a high-quality, open, unencumbered format for video delivery on the Web. Xiph will continue to contribute to WebM as a whole and collaborate in its further development and deployment.}}</ref>
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Google countered with a [http://www.webm-ccl.org/ WebM Community Cross-License (CCL) initiative] (25. April 2011).
  
===MPEG LA threats===
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===The March 2013 announcement===
  
The CEO of [[MPEG|MPEG-LA]], Larry Horn, claims to be preparing a patent pool to be used against VP8, and thus WebM.<ref>http://www.mpegla.com/main/pid/vp8/default.aspx</ref>  The threat may not be credible since similar claims were made against [[Ogg Theora]] but never materialised.
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In March 2013, Google announced a deal with MPEG LA offering some protection.  For details see: [http://xiphmont.livejournal.com/59893.html Monty of Xiph.org's blog post, and the comments], and also [https://lwn.net/Articles/541894/ the links and comments in this LWN.net article], and the links in [http://www.osnews.com/story/26849/Google_called_the_MPEG-LA_s_bluff_and_won OSNews' article].
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===The May 2013 announcement===
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In May 2013, Google published [http://www.webmproject.org/cross-license/ a draft VP8 Patent Cross-license Agreement].
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* [https://www.softwarefreedom.org/blog/2013/may/29/vp8-cross-license-draft-foss-compatible/ VP8 cross-license draft compatible with FOSS licensing], 29 May 2013, [[Software Freedom Law Center]]
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** [http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20130529161510305 and Groklaw's commentary]
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** And a reaction from [[Florian Mueller]] (currently working for [[Microsoft]]): [http://www.fosspatents.com/2013/05/software-freedom-law-center-effectively.html effectively blesses Microsoft's Android and Linux patent license deals]
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* [https://lwn.net/Articles/551297/ Google releases a draft VP8 patent cross-license], 21 May 2013, LWN.net
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* [https://www.infoworld.com/d/open-source-software/googles-vp8-codec-license-ok-after-all-219673 Google's VP8 codec license is OK after all], 31 May 2013, '''[[Simon Phipps]]'''
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{{help|Need to review that draft and summarise the good and bad points}}
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==Related court cases==
  
Google countered with a [http://www.webm-ccl.org/ WebM Community Cross-License (CCL) initiative] (25. April 2011).
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* [[Nokia v. HTC (2012, Germany)]] - Mannheim regional court rules VP8 does not infringe Nokia's patent
  
 
==Related pages on {{SITENAME}}==
 
==Related pages on {{SITENAME}}==
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* [[HTML5 and video patents]]
 
* [[HTML5 and video patents]]
 
* [[Use software from 20 years ago]] - the only other possibility for avoiding video patents
 
* [[Use software from 20 years ago]] - the only other possibility for avoiding video patents
** [[Video formats from 20 years ago]]
 
 
* [[Ogg Theora]] - another audio-video format, free from patent royalties
 
* [[Ogg Theora]] - another audio-video format, free from patent royalties
  
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** [http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/05/21/mpegla_mulls_patent_license_for_webm/ Google open video codec may face patent clash], 21 May 2010, '''The Register'''
 
** [http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/05/21/mpegla_mulls_patent_license_for_webm/ Google open video codec may face patent clash], 21 May 2010, '''The Register'''
 
* [http://carlodaffara.conecta.it/?p=420 An analysis of WebM and its patent risk], 25 May 2010, '''Carlo Daffara'''
 
* [http://carlodaffara.conecta.it/?p=420 An analysis of WebM and its patent risk], 25 May 2010, '''Carlo Daffara'''
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* [http://www.osnews.com/story/27245/VP8_does_not_infringe_on_Nokia_patent German court: VP8 does not infringe on Nokia patent], 6 Aug 2013, '''OSNews'''
  
 
==References==
 
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:19, 8 June 2015

WebM, VP8 and VP9 are components of an audio-visual format which aims to require no patent royalties, by avoiding some patented ideas and by getting royalty-free licences for others. WebM, VP8 and VP9 are primarily developed by Google and have the backing of organisations such as Mozilla, FSF, and Wikipedia.

WebM aims to replace H.264 as the most used video format for Internet video.

Background and technical details

WebM is the "container format", or the "wrapper". It's what the users sees: a .webm file. Inside this file is an audio stream, which could be Ogg Vorbis or Opus, and a video stream which could be VP8 or VP9. The container format provides information to keep the audio stream and the video stream in sync. The WebM container format is based on the existing Matroska format.

VP8 is the first video format published by Google. It was developed by On2, which was bought by Google, who released On2's software as free software (under a BSD-style licence).[1]

VP9 is an improved version, was released in 2013.

The Ogg Vorbis and Opus audio formats are developed by the Xiph Foundation. Since 2000, audio patents have been becoming less contentious and video patents more contentious, so most patent discussions about WebM focus on VP8 and VP9.

Before WebM, the highest quality video codec aiming to be patent-free was Xiph's Ogg Theora video format. With the release of WebM, the Xiph Foundation announced their support for it.[2] WebM thus replaces Ogg Theora in many ways, rather than being in competition with it.

Using and advocating WebM

Google's patent deals with MPEG LA

Background

The CEO of MPEG-LA, Larry Horn, claims to be preparing a patent pool to be used against VP8, and thus WebM.[3] The threat may not be credible since similar claims were made against Ogg Theora but never materialised.

Google countered with a WebM Community Cross-License (CCL) initiative (25. April 2011).

The March 2013 announcement

In March 2013, Google announced a deal with MPEG LA offering some protection. For details see: Monty of Xiph.org's blog post, and the comments, and also the links and comments in this LWN.net article, and the links in OSNews' article.

The May 2013 announcement

In May 2013, Google published a draft VP8 Patent Cross-license Agreement.

Can you help? Need to review that draft and summarise the good and bad points


Related court cases

Related pages on ESP Wiki

External links

References

  1. http://www.webmproject.org/about/
  2. "Xiph.Org announces support for the WebM open media project". http://www.xiph.org/press/2010/webm/. "The Xiph.Org Foundation is pleased to announce its support of the WebM open media project as a project launch partner. As announced earlier today at the Google I/O Developer Conference, the WebM format combines the VP8 video codec, the Matroska container, and the Vorbis audio codec developed by Xiph into a high-quality, open, unencumbered format for video delivery on the Web. Xiph will continue to contribute to WebM as a whole and collaborate in its further development and deployment." 
  3. http://www.mpegla.com/main/pid/vp8/default.aspx